Turkey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Turkey - Research Paper Example The region is heavily populated with a population of 77.8 million. There are 257.6 people per square miles in Turkey. The fact that the country has a large population relative to its size is a good business proposition because there a lot of potential customers looking to spend. A business risk associated with Turkey is the fact that country is one of the world’s most earthquake prone regions (CultureGrams, 2011). An important factor that determines the viability of penetration in a region is the income of the population. Turkey has a gross domestic product per capita of $11,500. Agriculture is the bulk of the economy providing for the majority of the exports of Turkey. Agriculture provides a high percentage of the jobs, but it represents a low percentage of the gross domestic product. The main agricultural products produced in Turkey are cotton, tobacco, sweet fruits, olives, cereal, nuts, livestock and opium for medical purposes. The manufacturing sector in Turkey employees about a quarter of the population and it represents nearly 50% of the gross domestic product. Tourism is a growing industry in Turkey. Inflation is traditionally high in Turkey and it is currently hovering at around 10% (CultureGrams, 2011). The dominant religion in Turkey is Sunni Muslim with 99% of the population practicing this religion. Turkish is the official language of Turkey.

Assimilation of Sephardic Jews Into European and Ottoman Cultures Research Paper

Assimilation of Sephardic Jews Into European and Ottoman Cultures - Research Paper Example However, the question here is whether or not they were better received, more welcomed, and assimilated into the Ottoman Empire as immigrants as a welcomed people while being turned away from other European nations because of their non-Christian beliefs and their refusal to convert to Christianity. The books and journal articles relied upon in this paper helps piece together the information needed to begin to answer the questions posed. Those works are by Avigdor Levy, The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire (1992),1 Bernard Lews’ The Jews of Islam (1984),2 Henry Kamen’s journal article titled The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492, appearing in the Oxford University Press publication Past and Present (1988),3 Benjamin Ravid, in his article titled The Legal Studies of the Jewish Merchants of Venice, 1541-1638, appearing in the Economic History Association’s publication The Journal of Economic History (1975),4 Diane Owen Hughes, whose research on the subject can be found in the collection titled Medieval Renaissance Texts and Studies: Persons in Groups, Social Behavior as Identity Formation in Medieval and Renaissance Euro;5 there emerges much in support of the notion that while a significant number of Jews whose lives were interrupted by ex pulsion from Spain in 1492, successfully resettled into other European states, they were not welcomed into those European states as readily and openly as they were received into the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512) Reliable information derived from studies that can be considered valid in support of the locales into which the displaced Jews were received and resettled, derives from records stemming from the practice of Jewish traditions like Passover, the need for and preparation of Kosher foods, and written works that suffice to make the connection between the descendants of the immigrants within the societies to which they immigrated. In each of these cases, there is sufficient evidence to suggest the existence of a Jewish community.

Cost Information for decision making Essay Example for Free

Cost Information for decision making Essay Two common costing systems used in business are traditionally cost accounting system (job costing, process costing and operating costing) and activity-based costing system (ABC). There are some similarities and differences between these systems. Regarding the similarities, both accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to individual units of production. Additionally, product cost under two costing systems consists of direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. In terms of differences, they are different in the way how the overhead costs are allocated. For conventional costing, it assigns manufacturing overhead based on a single volume based cost driver such as direct labour hours. In contrast, ABC approaches cost from the perspective that products do not cause costs. It requires activities which are the causes of all costs incurred so it allocates manufacturing overhead according to the activities needed to produce the products. Therefore, it highlights the existence of non value added activity which is not existed under traditional method. ABC also differs from conventional costing in the use of several cost pools when allocating the overhead costs. For instance, traditional costing uses only one cost pool to distribute the overhead whereas there are many cost pools involved under ABC. Furthermore, ABC employs both volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers while conventional costing utilizes only volume-based cost drivers. Another difference is that conventional approach complies with the GAAP so it can be used to satisfy conventional financial reporting requirements. On the other hand, accounting standard board does not accept ABC to prepare financial statements so it can be useful for internal management decision. Under conventional system, there are similarities between job costing, process costing and operating costing. Firstly, they accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to products. Secondly, these costing systems calculate the product costs which comprise direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overhead. Lastly, the cost flows for three systems is from raw material to work in process to finished goods and then to costs of goods sold. These first two systems can be distinguished by the following differences. First, job costing system is used by the company which produces unique products or products based on customer orders. Conversely, process costing is for the firms which produce one or a few homogenous products and often have continuous mass production. Second, each individual product costs are traced easily under job costing while process costing makes no attempt to track individual product costs. Thirdly, under job costing, the transfer from one job to another does not take place whereas the production from one process is transferred to next one till the product is full completed under process costing. Next, process costing accumulates product costs in each production department throughout the period while job order costing accumulates product costs to specific units. Operating costing for company which has a mix production system that produces in large quantities but then is customized the finished product. Therefore, operating costing is a combination of process costing and job costing. However, it differs from job and process costing which includes more than two types of cost pools in overhead allocation process. The cost pools are designed to match the separate processes that may be allocated to batches of products. Comment about the quality of your work: According to the assessment criteria, my answer for the question should be marked 7. This is for the following reasons. Firstly, the answer is well-organized into five paragraphs which consist of differences between conventional costing and ABC costing. For instance, the first and second paragraphs demonstrate the similarities and differences between conventional costing and ABC. Apart from this, the answer also points out the similarities and differences between job costing, process costing and operating costing.

The Reality Of Greek Wars Conflict History Essay

The Reality Of Greek Wars Conflict History Essay The life of ancient Greek society was quite different from the life of the modern society. Nevertheless, the ancient Greek culture had a significant impact on the development of western culture and civilization. At the same time, ancient Greek cultural ideals were often quite different from reality. On the other hand, it is impossible to deny that ancient Greek respected their cultural ideals and attempted to follow them even during wars (Best, 74). In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that ancient Greek cultural ideals often come into clashes with the severe reality, when ancient Greek had to use methods and tools, which did not match their cultural ideals, to reach positive ends in wars but, on the other hand, ancient Greek attempted to follow their fundamental cultural ideals during wars, especially when they have no choice but to manifest their bravery, heroism and patriotism. First of all, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that ancient Greek culture was, to a certain extent, diverse because there was no homogeneous nation state. Instead, ancient Greece was comprised of city-states, which had their own cultural peculiarities (Adcock, 32). Nevertheless, it is still possible to trace common ideals which could be found throughout the territories inhabited or colonized by ancient Greek. In this regard, it is possible to single out such cultural ideals as the respect to bravery, courage and heroism. Ancient Greeks respected heroes and viewed them as super-human beings above whom were only gods. In addition, ancient Greek respected freedom and independence above all. They viewed their lifestyle superior compared to other countries and they viewed the independence and power of the Greek civilization as one of the major priorities in the development of ancient Greece. In addition, they respected honesty and nobility. However, such cultural ideals could not always be implemented by ancient Greek, especially in the course of their wars. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the experience of ancient Greek in the Trojan War. At first glance, ancient Greek attempted to follow their cultural ideals. They united their efforts to defeat Troy for the power of ancient Greece. They wanted to defeat the main opponent of Greece that offended its representatives. At the beginning and in the course of the war, they used honest methods of the struggle. However, in the end of the war, they used deception and treachery to win the Trojan War. They deceived Trojans pretending they leaved Troy and moved back to Greece. Instead, they used the present to Trojans to penetrate into the city and to open the gates to let the Greek army in Troy. In such a way, they won the war using deception and treachery that contradicted to traditional cultural ideals of ancient Greek, who preferred to win the war in the open strug gle. However, many military operations and wars were the manifestation of heroism and bravery of ancient Greek warriors respectively to their cultural ideals (Sekunda, 113). In this regard, it is possible to refer to the Thermopylae battle, when ancient Greek warriors confronted the huge army of enemies, whose military superiority was obvious. In fact, the Thermopylae battle is a symbol of heroism of ancient Greek warriors (Connolly, 195). Three hundred Spartans kept struggling and stopping enemies as long as they could and as long as they stayed alive. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that it was Spartans, who stayed to die in the battle because it was the major ideal of a true Spartan warrior, which though was not common to representatives of other ancient Greek city-states. Another manifestation of the bravery and heroism of ancient Greek was the Persian war. At the same time, the Persian War was also the struggle of Greek people for independence, which meet the traditional Greek strife for independence and liberty. Therefore, the Persian War matched another ideal of ancient Greek culture (Hanson, 115). In fact, the liberty and independence of ancient Greece were fundamental values shared by all city-states (Hodkinson, 172). In such a way, the persistent struggle of ancient Greek against Persian invaders was the implementation of their cultural ideals in wars conducted by ancient Greek. On the other hand, the Peloponnesian War was the struggle between two Greek leading powers à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Sparta and Athens. In fact, the Peloponnesian War can be viewed as the civil war between two major powers in ancient Greece (Cartledge, 137). The struggle of Sparta and Athens involved their allies and resulted in the bloodthirsty civil war that contradicted to the fundamental ideals of the ancient Greek culture because the civil war led to the slaughtering of Greek people by each other. In such a way, participants of the civil war neglected the principle of liberty and independence of each city-state and put under a threat the future and independence of ancient Greece and Hellenistic world at large (Fisher, 92). In such a way, the Peloponnesian War can hardly be viewed as the manifestation of ancient Greek cultural ideals. Instead, this war marked the violation and abuse of basic cultural ideals of ancient Greece. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that ancient Greeks did not always follow their cultural ideals. To put it more precisely, the fundamental cultural ideals of the ancient Greek society were principles of honor, bravery, courage, and heroism. Ancient Greek viewed independence as one of the fundamental values of Hellenistic world. Nevertheless, in the course of wars they often used treacherous methods and deception to reach their ends and to win wars, as was the case of the Trojan War. On the other hand, frequently, ancient Greek followed their cultural ideals and fought in the war to death for their motherland, its freedom and its people.

Computers in the Mathematics Classroom :: Math Technology Education

?Calculators and computers are reshaping the mathematical landscape, and school mathematics should reflect those changes? (NCTM 24). My view of mathematics and geometry is that they go hand in hand. You have to know some algebraic procedures in order to be able to perform geometry problems. I never enjoyed Geometry in high school but now that I see it in a different prospective using GSP I really understand and enjoy it. I think that Geometry should be taught with software so the students can work with it hand in hand with the teacher and other students. Looking from the teacher prospective it would be easier to describe various concepts. To learn geometry means to know how to perform geometric problems and understand the process. I also think that a person should know various ways to perform geometry including the use of a calculator and Geometry Sketch Pad. One expectation of Geometry according the NCTM Standards is to ?draw and construct representations of twoand three-dimensional geometric objects using a variety of tools? (308). By using GSP the process is easier to follow 2 then just using a pencil and paper approach. Now don?t get me wrong using pencil and paper to draw various geometry objects is ways to have the student learn express relational understanding. Geometry Sketch Pad gives the user the option of reversing the steps to see were you started which could help to remember the process which is even more of a relational understanding. The user can also save his or her work for the future and the teacher is also able to see what the student?s train of thought. We need to use Dynamic Geometry Software in our teaching and learning so we can see and play with problems presented. By teaching with the use of Geometry Sketch Pad the teacher has the capabilities to teach outside of the book. It causes students to learn in a more relational way as apposed to instrumental (How Should Mathematics Be Taught?). By learning with the use of Geometry Sketch Pad a person is able to save their work for later reflections and they are able to learn a process. The capabilities of GSP are vast. The teacher and the learner both can benefit significantly through the use of GSP. I only foresee a little difference between the use of Dynamic Geometry Software in High school and in middle 3 school. I think at the high school level is where teachers

The Battle Between Heart and Conscience in Mark Twains Huckleberry Fin

The Battle Between Heart and Conscience in Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society can have a huge impact on an individual's moral growth. Sometimes the impact is positive but other times the learned habits and set morals of society have a negative effect. In Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character, Huck, struggles with what society teaches him and with what he knows to be good and true. During different conflicts concerning either the king and duke, various women or Jim, Huck's sound heart wins the battle over his conscience, which the reader knows to be ill-formed. Right from the first time Huck hears the story of the king and duke's amazing pasts Huck knows, "these liars warn't no kings nor dukes at all" (Twain 166). However, Huck also does not want to make any trouble so he goes along with the lie. Society may have taught Huck's conscience that lying is wrong but in this case the truth would have caused unnecessary danger and havoc. Another time that Huck sees right through the king and duke, is during the Wilks' inheritance situa...

Short Paper: Cultural Communication

Running Head: Short Paper Cultural Communication; Copyright (c) – Lopamudra Chakraborty – no portion of this article can be copied reproduced or distributed without prior authorization of the author. Author: Lopamudra(Lopa) Chakraborty M5A1: Short Paper Cultural Communication Business Communications 08/3/2012 Cultural Communication Introduction â€Å"The reasonable person adapts himself to the world, while the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. † – George Bernard Shaw Intercultural communication between people is an integral attribute of the human society development.The modern world is developing towards globalization. In this regard, the issues about the role and the place of international communication become an integral part of life both for the humankind in general, as well as for the individual (Shokina & Nishev, 2009). The art of business communication has evolved as globalization has set disparate businesses cultures of the world on a collision course. Emerging economies have begun to integrate the business cultures of traditional powerhouse nations into their businesses, and they have been leaving traces of their own culture wherever they go.The impact of cultural diversity on business communication has widespread implications–from corporate boardrooms to employee break-rooms–and small business owners can benefit from gaining an understanding of the eccentricities of all cultures to which they are exposed (Ingram, 2012). As mentioned by Hynes, it is extremely important to become familiar with intercultural business practices for three reasons. First, is the tremendous increases in international trade caused by vertical specialization or global supply chains.Second is the direct investment of foreign based companies. In the US, for example, the direct investment of foreign based companies grew from $9 billion in 1966 to more than $414 billion in 2008. A third reason to learn about intercultural business communication us the increasing likelihood that you will work with or for someone who is not a native born U. S. Citizen. According to the US Census Bereau, 13% of the workforce was a non- 2 Cultural Communication native US citizen in 2000 (Hynes, 2011). That number has increased dramatically in the last decade.These are some of the reasons that underline the importance of cross-cultural communications. With the advent of globalization, research on cross cultural organizational behavior has become a pathway to understand the dynamics of multicultural domestic and international workplaces. In fact successful organizations of the 21st century require leaders who understand culturally diverse work environment and can work effectively with different cultures that have varying work ethics, norms and business protocols (HR Magazine, SHRM, 2008).In addition, there are other world issues that enhances the importance of cross-cultural communication, for e. g. emergenc e of the digital age, ease and speed of international travel, formation and expansion of regional trade associations (like NAFTA, EU, GATT, ASEAN) and growth of international professional associations (Beaman, 2005). To become culturally competent, the first step is to have a solid understanding of one’s own values and how they shape the cultural identity. Within this process it is also important to realize that different culture exhibit different values.Cross cultural management researchers and theorist like Hofstede, Hall and Trompenaars have developed cultural value dimensions often within the realm of comparing national cultures (HR Magazine, SHRM, 2008). Countries like US who are heavily dependent on the global economy must understand their own culture and how it shapes their communication with other cultures. 3 Cultural Communication Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the US business communication protocol and how it affects the cross communication with other culture.In responding to this short paper on cultural communication, the attempt is to discuss and elaborate on the following factors: 1. What are some typical U. S. business communication protocols? 2. How would these protocols create challenges, for example, in communicating with someone from a collective culture? 3. What are recommendations you would offer for decreasing the potential of communication misunderstandings? Background In the past, it may have been commonplace for entrepreneurs and corporate managers to develop their own unique communication style for dealing with customers, business partners and suppliers.Today, however, managers must take the time to study the cultural eccentricities of their business counterparts before attempting to make contact with people in other countries or from other subcultures. The Texas oil tycoon, for example, has to understand that grabbing his Chinese partner's hand in a firm handshake is not a good idea but that a slight bow and smile are the appropriate form of greeting. Verbal communication and body language are more important than ever in international business dealings because innocent hand gestures, mannerisms or even posture can cause a rift between culturally diverse business partners.The diversity of culturally distinct managers has been melding slowly as globalization and Westernization give managers extensive experience in different cultures (Ingram, 2012). 4 Cultural Communication Globalization: ? The percent of the U. S. population that is foreign born has grown from 4. 8% in 1970 to 6. 2% in 1980 to 7. 9% in 1990 and over 9% in 2000 ( (Ferraro, 2002). ? The U. S. has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world. E. g. , More than 60% of the people in Miami speak Spanish as their first language (Ferraro, 2002). 60% of companies will increase their global presence in the coming three years (ADP Survey, 2002). ? A large number of corporations receive more than half of their sales f rom foreign markets. ? E. g. , Coca Cola sells more of its product in Japan than in the U. S. (Ferraro, 2002). Senior executives say that the ability to manage the business on a global basis is a top priority (ADP Survey, 2002). ? All of these changes are facilitating the cross border movement of people, goods, and data, bringing more and more cultures into contact with one another and increasing the potential for cross-cultural conflict. What is new about the global economy is the scale and the speed with which innovations, borrowings (maladies! ), etc. are spreading. Given this background, the purpose of this discussion is to highlight and explain some of the major cultural value dimensions in the United States and how it impacts when commutating with other cultures with differing business communication protocols. 5 Cultural Communication Findings Understanding what shapes US Business Communication protocol: There are several dimensions to the US business communication protocol.Th ese business communication protocols are shaped and formed by the Culture of the organization and of the society. â€Å"Domestic business organizations can be viewed as ‘mini-cultures’ (composed of different people with different roles, statuses, and value systems) that operate within the wider national context (Ferraro, 2002). † Culture is defined as a set of values and beliefs with learned behaviors shared within a particular society. Culture provides identity and belonging. Culture is everywhere starting from language to communication styles, history, religion, norms, values and symbolism (HR Magazine, SHRM, 2008).One of the most extensive studies of cultural differences was conducted by Geert Hofstede. Based on his findings, there are six major dimensions of national culture that are discussed below(Hynes, 2012). An understanding of these cultural dimensions is necessary to explain what shapes the US business communication protocols. Power Distance: Power dis tance indicates the extent to which a society accepts the fact the power in the institutions and organizations is distributed unequally (Hynes, 2011).Britain, Philippines and Mexico have high power distance where the managers and leaders are almost viewed like autocrats and there is a lot of disparity in power between higher and lower ranks. United States has a culture with low power distance. The manager is seen to have a little more power than the subordinate and is addressed by the first name, takes her place in the line and manages by communicating using an equalitarian communication strategy. 6 Cultural Communication Uncertainty Avoidance: Relates to the degree to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situation(Hynes , 2011).It tries to avoid uncertainties by having a strict formal rules and not allowing odd ideas or beliefs to prevail for example countries like Germany, England and Pakistan. United States have weak uncertainty avoidance and are open to ne w ideas and beliefs. Individualism/Collectivism: Individualism refers to a loose knit social framework in which people are expected to take care of themselves and their immediate family, example United States. Collectivism refers to a society with a tight social network where people are distinguished between in-groups and outgroups, example -.Japan, Masculinity/Feminity: expresses the extent to which dominant values in the society are masculine for example assertiveness, acquisition of money etc (Hynes, 2011). United States has a masculine type culture but Finland has a more feminine type culture. High Context/Low Context: First coined by Edward Hall, in a high context culture, communication is internalized and happens in the physical context or environment. Lot of importance is given to non-verbal communication. Japan and China are examples of High Context Culture.United States on the other hand has a low context culture where a lot of importance is given to the vebal cues and spok en words. Monochronic/Polychronic: In a monochromic culture such as United States Germany, times is valued as money and time is measured by the clock, multi tasking, be punctual and time management are valued in this culture. In a polychornic culture like India and Spain, time is linear and events are not measured by the clock. Punctuality is not of much importance in this culture. As you can imagine the frustration 7 Cultural Communication f a manager who does not understand this in United States dealing with someone in India when there is a project deadline to be met in a timely manner. Business Communication Protocol in the United States: ? Informal and Friendly communication: Since US has a low power distance type culture, communication in the workplace is typically informal and friendly. Employees refer to their managers by their first names. People tend to not wait to be introduced, will begin to speak with strangers as they stand in a queue, sit next to each other at an event , etc.Because if their informality and friendliness they appear to be pretty direct in their communication. When doing a business dealing or communicating with someone from high power distance type culture, the American has to be mindful of the fact that their informality is not perceived as rudeness. They have to be careful as not to cross the line. Following is an example of difference in communication between British and American. The British uses a more indirect approach to communication while the American uses a more direct approach (Beaman, 2005).American/British Differences (Source: the Navigator Jan/Feb 2003) ? ? ? ? ? ? American: â€Å"Jack will blow his top. † British: â€Å"Our chairman might tend to disagree. † American: â€Å"You’re talking bullshit. † British: â€Å"I’m not quite with you on that one. † American: â€Å"You gotta be kidding. † British: â€Å"Hm, that’s an interesting idea. † 8 Cultural Commu nication As is evident from the above example, both culture has a distinct approach so when an American is communicating with the British, they have to be careful as not coming across as rude. Meeting and Greeting – the American way: Americans usually prefers a strong handshake, a casual hello and use first name when introducing someone. Though handshake is a practice that is used across the world in a business setting, the pressure used may vary. The high pressure grip may be a positive thing for an American but may be too aggressive for an Asian. In a business meeting, an American is direct, assertive, giving and taking feedback is considered positive and they confront when necessary.However when dealing with a Japanese they have to realize that the later’s approach is indirect, they avoid confrontation and strive to develop harmonious and trusting business relationships. ? Dress: What is considered appropriate business attire varies by geographic region, day of the week and industry. In general, people in the East dress more formally, while people in the West are known for being a bit more casual. Executives usually dress formally regardless of which part of the country they are in. Casual Friday is common in many companies. High technology companies often wear casual clothes every day. Other non-verbal cues: With regards to space, Americans maintain a spatial distance of 4 feet with strangers. They should be aware that some Arab countries speak almost face-to-face which may feel like encroaching on a personnal space to an American. Americans belong to a low context type culture and more 9 Cultural Communication verbal and articulate than some of the other high-context cultures like Japan and China. This sometimes can be a challenge when communicating and understanding appropriate non-verbal communication. Americans do not like silence and try to fill it with small talk.Chinese or Japanese on the other hand appear shy as they don’t spea k out of turn. If an Asian is taking too long ot answer a question it is probably because they are thoughtful not because they do not know the answer. Americans do use certain gestures to supplement their verbal communication like OK, time out, wave etc. However they have to be aware that some gestures that have one meaning in America may have a complete different and sometimes negative connotation in another culture. A nod which may indicate no to an American may mean yes when done by an Indian.It is safe to stick with universal gestures and try to refrain from others if you are not sure what it means for the other culture. ? Language: A language’s vocabulary contains large numbers of words that reflect the technologies, occupations, and values important to the culture. Americans tend to use a lot of baseball colloquialism in their language. For example, â€Å"he threw me a curve ball,† â€Å"you are way off base,† â€Å"She fielded my question well,† â €Å"I want to touch all bases,† etc. Business need to be aware when certain languages are translated to another language, the entire meaning may change.For example, Chevrolet came out with a car â€Å"Nova† that they marketed in United States. The car sold well in the in so they decided to market it in Mexico. However the Ad campaign was a big failure there and they realized that the reason for that was Nova when translated to Spanish means â€Å"No go. (Beaman, 10 Cultural Communication 2005)† Understanding the appropriateness of translations when doing business with other cultures is very important. Recommendations To be a good intercultural communicator, one has to avoid some of the pitfalls mentioned above.Additionally, taking cognizance and imbibing the following practices will decrease communication misunderstanding. 1. Moving from Ethno-centrism to Ethno-relativism : This model was deisgned by Bennett. It simple means that one has to move away from denial , defensiveness and minimization (which are the three stages of ethnocentrism) to acceptance, adaptation and integration (ethno-relativism). 2. Non-Defensiveness – One has to be open to criticism and non-defensive about their culture to be a good intercultural communicator. 3.Curious and Brave: One has to be genuinely curious, brave and interested in knowing about other cultures. 4. Emphatic, Understanding and non-judgmental: It is possible ot be objective and open minded if you show these qualities. You cannot learn and be aware if you are not open minded or understanding. 5. Patience: Patience is one of the best virtues if you plan on being a good intercultural communicator. You cannot learn about another culture in one day and it is better to prepare yourself and be patient when you are trying to learn and communicate with another culture. . Genuinely personable: This cannot be faked. You really have to develop a liking for people of other culture (Hynes, 2011). 11 Cultura l Communication 7. Facilitation with language: If you plan on spending a lot of time communicating with other culture, it may be a good idea to try and learn the language. A good deal of communication is lost in translation. Sometimes taking the interest to learn the language shows to the person you are communicating with that you mean business and are genuinely interested in them.Conclusion The purpose of this paper was to discuss about why intercultural and cross cultural communication was important, the cultural dimensions that shapes the US business communication protocols, how it impacts us when communicating with other culture and recommendation of improving communication misunderstanding. The paper touched upon factors like globalization which was one of the main reason intercultural communications was important. When discussing culture, the paper discussed about Hofstede’s six dimensions.The various types of US business protocols including communication approach, meet ing and greeting, dress, other non verbal communication and language were discussed. Finally the paper made seven recommendations to follow to be a good intercultural communicator and minimize misunderstanding. In closing, when conducting business internationally, entrepreneurs learn that cultures have different expectations and protocols when it comes to meetings and interpersonal discussions. To be a successful in your business and be a good cultural communicator it is important to embrace these differences. 2 Cultural Communication References Bibliogrpahy: ADP Survey. (2002). ADP Survey. Beaman, K. C. -f. (2005). Cross Culture Communication in the workplace. Retrieved from The Jeitosa Group INC website: http://www. jeitosa. com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/12/Cross-cultural-communication-in-the-workplace_Apr2005. pdf Ferraro, G. P. (2002). The Cultural Dimension of International Business, 5th Edition. pearson. HR Magazine, SHRM. (2008, September). Selected Cross Cultural factors in Hum an Resources Management. Retrieved from Excelsior College virtual library, ebscohost. com: www. ehis. bscohost. com. vlib. excelsior. edu/eds/ Hynes, G. E. (2011). Business Communications, Strategies and Application. McGrawHill Irwin. Ingram, D. (2012). The impact of Cultural Diversity in Business Communication. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/impact-cultural-diversity-businesscommunication-3047. html: www. smallbusiness. chron. com Shokina, L. , & Nishev, A. (2009). Cross-Cultural Blog, Intercultural communication in the context of Globalization. Retrieved from http://www. stanford. edu/group/ccr/blog/2009/04/intercultural_communication_in. h tml: www. stanford. edu 13